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虚拟语气的用法总结

语气 语气的种类：

（1）陈述语气些感叹句。如 We are ready. What a fine day it is!

（2）祈使语气 应注意以下几点：

1. 主语通常是第二人称youdo not 或者don’t 加动词

原形（或be） 如 2. 有时为了强调，主语也可以出现，-s或者-es 如 You

be quiet. He stand up.

3. 祈使语气可以用do 4. 在Let’s 的祈使句后，；在Let us后，疑问部分用will you 如 Let’s

，5. 祈使句与连词andand之后则是表示结果。如 Think hard

（3）虚拟语气 而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如

就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如 If it doesn’t rain 或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如 If 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，

例如：If he were here, everything would be all right.

If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled.

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有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 句的句首。例如：

Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled.

Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time.

Should the earth stop running, what would happen?

二. 错综时间条件句

有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，动词形式来进行调整。

If she had taken the doctor’If I were you, I would have accepted their terms.

三．含蓄条件句

1.

如

But for your help (If it hadn’’t have done it.

2. I was ill that day. 3.

（1） （你本可以自己洗衣服的。）省去了）

（2If my grandmother were with me! (如果我的祖母和我在一

”表示不可能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜……、悔不该……、但愿

“would/could+动词原形”；

表示过去不可能实现的愿望时用“had+过去分词”。如：

I wish I were better-looking. 要是我长得再漂亮些就好了。

I wish I had met the film star just now. 我要是刚才遇到那位电影明星该多好啊！

I wish I would be a solider. 我想当一名军人。

【考例】

How I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden! (上海 2002春)

A. has B. had

C. will have D. had had

【答案】B。

② 在表示建议、要求、愿望、命令、坚持、想法(advise, command, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, suggest)等动词后面的宾语从句，或这些动词的同源名词后面所跟的同位语从句或表语从句中，从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，其中在美国英语中，should常省略。如：

The young man insisted that I (should) go with his fellows. 这个年轻人坚持要我同他的同伴们一起去。

The doctor advised that he change his job. 医生建议他换工作。

【考例】Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for

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safety. (福建 2010)

A. not allow B. do not allow

C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow

【答案】A。

③ 在would rather完成时表示过去的情况。如：

— Shall I open the window? 我可以把窗户打开吗?

— I’d rather you didn’t. 我觉得还是不要。

【考例】

George is going to talk about the geography of rather he more on its culture. (江苏2010)

A. focus B. focused

C. would focus D. had focused

【答案】B。

④ 在It is +形容词right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising) +that“(should)+动词原形”的结构。如：

【考例】

— to Miami but to New York?

— he has refused to. (江苏2005)

B. not be sent; that

D. should not send; what

B。

if only I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所接虚拟语气的时态与 wish 后所接时态的情况相同。如：

If only the player had had more courage! 这位选手再多有一些勇气就好了。

If only Daisy would go with me! 黛茜要是愿意和我一起去就好了!

【考例】

Look at the trouble I am in! If only I your advice. (上海 2003春)

A. followed B. would follow

C. had followed D. should follow

【答案】C。

2. as if (as though)方式状语从句中的虚拟语气

as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。

(1) as if 从句用陈述语气的情况。

当说话者所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。如：

It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像是在下雨。

(2) as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。

当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：

① 从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。如：

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He talks as if he knew where she was. ② 从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。如：

He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.

③ 从句表示将来发生的可能性不大，谓语动词用“。如： It looks as if it might snow. 看起来好像要下雪了。

3. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气

（1）以in order that, so that语中常用can/could+动词原形

She took a taxi so that she could get there on time.

(2)以lest, for fear that和in case （should）+动词原形。 六．其他形式的虚拟语气

1. It’ s time that句型中的虚拟语气

在It’ s time that句型中，should+动词原形 (should不能省略)，其意为“(早)该做某事了”It’s

2.在和 would prefer结构中，也用虚拟语

I’

3. may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它”。如：

祝你一路顺风！

祝你青春永驻！

■强化训练■

1. more careful, his bus would not have knocked into the tree.

A. If the driver were B. Had the driver been

C. Should the driver be D. If the driver would have been

2. the football competition, I would have gone to the concert yesterday.

A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for

3. Look at the terrible situation you are in! If only you my advice!

A. listen to B. would listen to C. had listened to D. have listened to

4. Had Henry received two more votes in the last election, he our monitor now.

A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be

5. If the athlete won today, he eight races in a game.

A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won

6. It is time that our mayor measures to protect the poor in the street.

A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking

7. If I had read the report, I _______ you all about it now.

A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told

8. — It’s a pity you didn’t won the competition.

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— I had had more practice.

A. If only B. As if C. If not Key: 1-5 BBCDA

6-8 BAA

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第二篇：考博英语语法总结——虚拟语气

虚拟语气

英语的语气

1. 陈述

2. 祈使 3. 虚拟

1） 不符合事实

If I knew her birthday, I would of course buy her a present.

2） 与事实相反

If I had been free, I would have participated in physical exercise.

3） 不可能实现 If I were given a second life, I would live a totally different life.

If I were you, I would...

一、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用

1. 构成 （在条件句中从句动词时态往前推一个时态）主句主要用would

If I were you, I would go abroad to study.

If I had the time, I would go out for a picnic this afternoon.

If he had studied hard, he might have passed the examination.

If the sun should suddenly （were suddenly to）stop giving out heat and light, there would be no life on the earth.

2. 当条件从句含有were，had或should时，可省略if并采用倒装结构。

Were I to go to the moon someday, I could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes.

Had I followed your advice, I would not have made such serious mistakes.

Should it rain tomorrow, we would cancel our camping.

3. 有些句子由某些介词或短语或连词引导，隐含虚拟的条件，因而也要采用虚拟式。常用的词有：with, without, but for, otherwise等。

But for the policeman, the boy would have drowned. 若不是=If it had not been for the policeman， My company would collapse without your donation.

I was ill yesterday. Otherwise （否则：隐含的条件虚拟）I would have taken part in your activity.

If I had not been illed yesterday，（otherwise 替代）

4. 虚拟式的错综时间：主要是指主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致，谓语动词的形式相应地需要调整。

If he had listened to me, he would not be in such trouble now.

3. It’s + adj. (advisable, desirable, preferable, essential, necessary, important, appropriate, imperative) + that 从句, that 引导的主语从句一般要采用虚拟式：should 十动词原形。这类形容词表示与情态或意愿。should 可以省略。

It’s imperative that you (should) take the medicine.

It’s most desirable that he (should) carry most of the luggage.

4. 由wish引起的虚拟语气。不太可能的希望与假设。从句的谓语动词要时态推移（向前移

动一个时态）。

I wish he weren’t so lazy.

I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up early and come to class. I wish the rain would stop.

5. If only 引导的感叹句中虚拟语气的用法与wish从句相同。表示“但愿，要是……就好了”。 If only I could see her again. If only I had followed his advice.

二、虚拟语气在名词从句（主宾表同位语从句）中的使用

1. 主要是表示命令、要求、建议等语气的词，常用的动词有：suggest, propose, order, command, demand, request, insists, desire, recommend, urge等，其虚拟式多采用should+ 动词原形形式。should可以省略。

The teacher suggests that we (should) practice speaking English every day.

We recommended that he (should) resign.

He ordered that the car (should) be cleaned before his boss came back.

2. 在与上述动词同源的名词之后，如同位语从句或表语从句，也应采用should ＋动词原形的形式。should 可以省略。例如：

He put forward the suggestion that the girl (should) see the doctor soon.

His recommendation is that somebody neutral (should) take the chair.